Study on pass-through rate: main drivers, country differences and policy implications

broadly stable for more than a decade. As natural gas is widely used in energy production, energy became much more expensive also on the retail level for firms and households. Due to these events, the relationship between energy prices, inflation and the real economy stepped into spotlight. How do w

holesale price shocks feed through to retail prices? The crisis of recent years has shown how understanding the pass-through rates and anticipating the retail sector’s reaction to wholesale shocks is fundamental to design efficient and effe